Culture is that complex
whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, customs, and other
capabilities and habits acquired by man sa a member of society.
Cultural Studies: An
interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary and sometimes counter-disciplinary filed
that operates in the tension between its tendencies to embrace both a broad,
antrophological and more narrowly humanistic conception of culture.
Representation is production of
the meaning of the concepts in our minds through language.
Three
approaching of representation
Language functions like a mirror, to
reflect the true meaning as at already exist in the word
2.
Intentional
approach
Meaning of the word is imposed by the
author/speakers
3.
Constructionist
approach
Thing, don’t mean, except we construct meanings of
them, using representational system.
Culturalism is the idea that
individuals are determined by their culture, that these cultures form closed,
organic wholes, and that the individual is unable to leave his or her own culture
but rather can only realise him or herself within it. Culturalism also
maintains that cultures have a claim to special rights and protections – even
if at the same time they violate individual rights.
Structuralism is an approach
to the human sciences that attempts to analyze a specific field as a complex
system of interrelated parts. Although it enjoyed little popularity, it grew to
become one of the most popular approaches concerned with the analysis of
language, culture, and society.
Post-structuralism grew as a
response to structuralism’s perceived assumption that its own system of
analysis was somehow essentialist. Post-structuralists hold that in fact even
in an examination of underlying structures, a slew of biases introduce
themselves, based on the conditioning of the examiner. At the root of
post-structuralism is the rejection of the idea that there is any truly
essential form to a cultural product, as all cultural products are by their
very nature formed, and therefore artificial.
Hegemony is cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other
groups. It requires the consent of the majority to keep the dominant group's
leader in power.
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